Hazards
The January 2025 LA fires, by the numbers: what was destroyed and what rebuilding demands
The Eaton and Palisades fires destroyed 16,264 structures, 11,440 of them single-family homes, most built before 1960. What burned, how old it was, how rebuilding permits are moving, and a labelled model of the trade work.
16,264
structures were destroyed by the Eaton and Palisades fires
11,440 of them were single-family homes. Another 1,518 homes were damaged but left standing. Both fires started on Jan 7, 2025, in Los Angeles County.
Destroyed, Eaton Fire
9,419 structures
14,056 acres burned. 87% of destroyed homes built before 1960.
Destroyed, Palisades Fire
6,845 structures
23,449 acres burned. 56% of destroyed homes built before 1960.
Destroyed in the Inland Empire, all fires since 2013
399 structures
The Eaton and Palisades fires alone destroyed 40 times as many.
What was destroyed
Single-family homes were about 7 in 10 of the 16,264 structures destroyed in the Eaton and Palisades fires. Most of the rest were sheds, garages and other small structures (4,270).
Structures destroyed (over 50% damaged), by type: the Eaton and Palisades fires
Structures destroyed
Show the numbers
| Fire | Structure type | Structures destroyed |
|---|---|---|
| Eaton + Palisades | Commercial & mixed-use | 319 |
| Eaton + Palisades | Multi-family buildings | 235 |
| Eaton + Palisades | Sheds, garages & other | 4,270 |
| Eaton + Palisades | Single-family homes | 11,440 |
11,440 single-family homes were destroyed in the Eaton and Palisades fires. Another 1,518 were damaged but left standing: that is repair work, not a rebuild.
Single-family homes by damage level, as inspected by CAL FIRE: the Eaton and Palisades fires
Single-family homes
Show the numbers
| Fire | Damage level | Single-family homes |
|---|---|---|
| Eaton + Palisades | Destroyed (>50% damaged) | 11,440 |
| Eaton + Palisades | Major damage (25-50%) | 88 |
| Eaton + Palisades | Minor damage (10-25%) | 238 |
| Eaton + Palisades | Affected (>0-10%) | 1,192 |
How old the homes were
87% of the single-family homes destroyed in the Eaton Fire were built before 1960 (5,235 of 6,012). 96% were built before 1980.
Single-family homes destroyed, by year built (dark bars: before 1980): the Eaton Fire
Single-family homes
Show the numbers
| Fire | Homes | Year built | Single-family homes | Share |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Eaton | destroyed | Pre-1940 | 2,389 | 40% |
| Eaton | destroyed | 1940-59 | 2,846 | 47% |
| Eaton | destroyed | 1960-79 | 535 | 9% |
| Eaton | destroyed | 1980-99 | 128 | 2% |
| Eaton | destroyed | 2000+ | 43 | 1% |
| Eaton | destroyed | Unknown | 71 | 1% |
Older homes matter for the work because two rules apply before walls come down or paint is disturbed. These are the rules in short. It is not legal or health advice. Read the rule text for any job.
- Asbestos (South Coast AQMD Rule 1403): a written asbestos survey by a Cal/OSHA-certified inspector is required before any demolition, and before most renovations. South Coast AQMD must be notified before every demolition. The rule applies to buildings of any age.
- Lead paint (EPA Renovation, Repair and Painting rule): paid work that disturbs paint in homes built before 1978 must be done by an EPA-certified firm using lead-safe practices. Small jobs and some emergency work have exceptions.
Sources: Rule 1403 text, South Coast AQMD asbestos page, EPA RRP program, 40 CFR 745 Subpart E. For where older homes are across SoCal, see older buildings and survey demand.
The data groups homes built from 1960 to 1979 together, so "before 1980" includes some 1978 and 1979 homes the lead rule does not cover. Homes built before 1960 are all inside it.
Rebuilding so far (unincorporated LA County)
In unincorporated LA County, 3,714 Eaton Fire cases have a building permit. 2,683 are in construction and 301 are finished.
Eaton Fire rebuild cases in unincorporated LA County, by stage reached, as of Oct 1, 2026
Cases
Show the numbers
| Fire | Stage reached | Cases |
|---|---|---|
| Eaton | Rebuild applications received | 3,732 |
| Eaton | Zoning reviews cleared | 3,526 |
| Eaton | Full building plans received | 3,946 |
| Eaton | Building plans approved | 4,044 |
| Eaton | Building permits issued | 3,714 |
| Eaton | Rebuild in construction | 2,683 |
| Eaton | Construction completed | 301 |
Finished rebuilds reached 63 in September 2026, the most of any month so far. Permits peaked at 385 in March 2026, and applications at 370 in July 2025.
Eaton Fire rebuild cases per month in unincorporated LA County: applications, permits issued and construction completed
- Applications
- Permits issued
- Completed
New cases per month
Show the numbers
| Fire | Month | Stage | New cases |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eaton | 2025-01 | Applications | 6 |
| Eaton | 2025-01 | Permits issued | 0 |
| Eaton | 2025-01 | Completed | 0 |
| Eaton | 2025-02 | Applications | 36 |
| Eaton | 2025-02 | Permits issued | 3 |
| Eaton | 2025-02 | Completed | 1 |
| Eaton | 2025-03 | Applications | 92 |
| Eaton | 2025-03 | Permits issued | 0 |
| Eaton | 2025-03 | Completed | 0 |
| Eaton | 2025-04 | Applications | 199 |
| Eaton | 2025-04 | Permits issued | 6 |
| Eaton | 2025-04 | Completed | 0 |
| Eaton | 2025-05 | Applications | 248 |
| Eaton | 2025-05 | Permits issued | 16 |
| Eaton | 2025-05 | Completed | 0 |
| Eaton | 2025-06 | Applications | 274 |
| Eaton | 2025-06 | Permits issued | 38 |
| Eaton | 2025-06 | Completed | 0 |
| Eaton | 2025-07 | Applications | 370 |
| Eaton | 2025-07 | Permits issued | 70 |
| Eaton | 2025-07 | Completed | 2 |
| Eaton | 2025-08 | Applications | 318 |
| Eaton | 2025-08 | Permits issued | 131 |
| Eaton | 2025-08 | Completed | 2 |
| Eaton | 2025-09 | Applications | 264 |
| Eaton | 2025-09 | Permits issued | 188 |
| Eaton | 2025-09 | Completed | 1 |
| Eaton | 2025-10 | Applications | 279 |
| Eaton | 2025-10 | Permits issued | 225 |
| Eaton | 2025-10 | Completed | 3 |
| Eaton | 2025-11 | Applications | 228 |
| Eaton | 2025-11 | Permits issued | 202 |
| Eaton | 2025-11 | Completed | 4 |
| Eaton | 2025-12 | Applications | 246 |
| Eaton | 2025-12 | Permits issued | 200 |
| Eaton | 2025-12 | Completed | 6 |
| Eaton | 2026-01 | Applications | 167 |
| Eaton | 2026-01 | Permits issued | 279 |
| Eaton | 2026-01 | Completed | 8 |
| Eaton | 2026-02 | Applications | 167 |
| Eaton | 2026-02 | Permits issued | 281 |
| Eaton | 2026-02 | Completed | 8 |
| Eaton | 2026-03 | Applications | 135 |
| Eaton | 2026-03 | Permits issued | 385 |
| Eaton | 2026-03 | Completed | 21 |
| Eaton | 2026-04 | Applications | 143 |
| Eaton | 2026-04 | Permits issued | 349 |
| Eaton | 2026-04 | Completed | 19 |
| Eaton | 2026-05 | Applications | 103 |
| Eaton | 2026-05 | Permits issued | 284 |
| Eaton | 2026-05 | Completed | 38 |
| Eaton | 2026-06 | Applications | 156 |
| Eaton | 2026-06 | Permits issued | 295 |
| Eaton | 2026-06 | Completed | 32 |
| Eaton | 2026-07 | Applications | 113 |
| Eaton | 2026-07 | Permits issued | 321 |
| Eaton | 2026-07 | Completed | 50 |
| Eaton | 2026-08 | Applications | 98 |
| Eaton | 2026-08 | Permits issued | 245 |
| Eaton | 2026-08 | Completed | 43 |
| Eaton | 2026-09 | Applications | 90 |
| Eaton | 2026-09 | Permits issued | 195 |
| Eaton | 2026-09 | Completed | 63 |
Compared with other SoCal fires
Eaton and Palisades destroyed more structures than any other SoCal fire CAL FIRE has inspected since 2013. The next worst, Woolsey (2018), destroyed 1,643, while burning 6 times the acres of Eaton.
The 10 Southern California fires that destroyed the most structures, 2013 to now (all counties a fire touched)
Structures destroyed
Show the numbers
| Fire | Counties | Structures destroyed | Fire size (acres) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Eaton (2025) | Los Angeles | 9,419 | 14,056 |
| Palisades (2025) | Los Angeles | 6,845 | 23,449 |
| Woolsey (2018) | Los Angeles, Ventura | 1,643 | 89,551 |
| Thomas (2017) | Ventura | 1,038 | 281,791 |
| Mountain (2024) | Ventura | 243 | 19,902 |
| Bobcat (2020) | Los Angeles | 169 | 115,998 |
| Airport (2024) | Orange, Riverside | 160 | 23,526 |
| Lilac (2017) | San Diego | 159 | 4,081 |
| Creek (2017) | Los Angeles | 140 | 15,619 |
| Bridge (2024) | Los Angeles, San Bernardino | 81 | 55,724 |
In Riverside County, 365 structures have been destroyed by fires CAL FIRE inspected since 2013. The worst was Sandalwood (2019), with 73. The two January 2025 fires destroyed 44 times as many as all of these combined.
Structures destroyed in Riverside County, by fire, 2013 to now (top 8 of 20 fires)
Structures destroyed
Show the numbers
| County | Fire | Structures destroyed in this county |
|---|---|---|
| Riverside | Sandalwood (2019) | 73 |
| Riverside | Airport (2024) | 71 |
| Riverside | Silver (2013) | 52 |
| Riverside | Nixon (2024) | 40 |
| Riverside | Fairview (2022) | 37 |
| Riverside | Highland (2023) | 20 |
| Riverside | Apple (2020) | 13 |
| Riverside | Cranston (2018) | 12 |
| Riverside | Holy (2018) | 12 |
| Riverside | 46th (2019) | 7 |
| Riverside | Rock (2021) | 7 |
| Riverside | Mindy (2025) | 5 |
| Riverside | Flats (2021) | 3 |
| Riverside | Bonny (2023) | 3 |
| Riverside | Canyon (2017) | 2 |
| Riverside | Juniper (2025) | 2 |
| Riverside | Rosa (2025) | 2 |
| Riverside | Wolf (2025) | 2 |
| Riverside | Reche (2023) | 1 |
| Riverside | Bradford (2025) | 1 |
Model: the trade work if every home is rebuilt
Model assumptions
- Homes to rebuild: 11,440. Single-family homes CAL FIRE recorded as destroyed in the Eaton and Palisades fires. Observed.
- Share that get rebuilt: All of them. Not known. Some owners will sell or not rebuild. "All" gives the ceiling, not a forecast.
- Jobs per home, per trade: 1. A new house needs a builder, wiring, plumbing and heating/cooling, a roof, drywall and insulation, and paint. We count one job per trade per home. Big homes may use more than one crew.
- Contractors: Firms with employees, Q1 2026. BLS QCEW establishment counts for the quarter shown, in the counties you pick. Observed. Self-employed trades without staff are not counted.
- Left out: 235 multi-family, 319 commercial. Destroyed apartment and commercial buildings, and damaged homes that need repair, add more work. They are left out to keep the count simple (16,264 structures were destroyed in all).
- Not estimated: Weeks or hours of work. We found no public source for crew time by trade on a home rebuild, so this model counts jobs, not weeks.
If every destroyed home were rebuilt, each drywall & insulation contractor in Los Angeles, Riverside and San Bernardino would average about 14 rebuilds, and each electrical contractor about 3.0. Residential builders are the most numerous, so the load is lightest there: about 1.3 each.
MODEL: destroyed single-family homes per contractor firm (with employees), by trade, Los Angeles, Riverside and San Bernardino
Rebuilds per firm, if every destroyed home is rebuilt
Show the numbers
| Counties | Trade | Homes to rebuild | Firms with employees | Jobs at those firms | Rebuilds per firm |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Los Angeles, Riverside and San Bernardino | Residential builders | 11,440 | 9,039 | 31,574 | 1.3 |
| Los Angeles, Riverside and San Bernardino | Electricians | 11,440 | 3,873 | 32,595 | 3.0 |
| Los Angeles, Riverside and San Bernardino | Plumbing & HVAC | 11,440 | 4,807 | 35,957 | 2.4 |
| Los Angeles, Riverside and San Bernardino | Roofers | 11,440 | 1,138 | 8,101 | 10 |
| Los Angeles, Riverside and San Bernardino | Drywall & insulation | 11,440 | 795 | 13,709 | 14 |
| Los Angeles, Riverside and San Bernardino | Painters | 11,440 | 1,495 | 8,042 | 7.7 |
Months to finish the Eaton cases now in construction, at the recent pace
52 months
2,683 cases in construction ÷ 52 finished per month on average (July to September 2026), unincorporated LA County only. The pace has been rising (it was 30 a month in the three months before), so read this as the size of the backlog, not a forecast.
ModelWhat this does and doesn't tell you
It tells you how many buildings CAL FIRE found destroyed or damaged, what kind they were, when they were built, and how fast rebuild permits are moving in unincorporated LA County.
- It does not tell you how many homes will be rebuilt, or when. Some lots will be sold or left empty.
- It does not say which homes had asbestos or lead paint. Year built is only a rough guide.
- Structures are not dwelling units. An apartment building is one structure. Rebuild cases are not homes either: one home can have several cases.
- Permit counts cover unincorporated LA County only. The City of Los Angeles, Pasadena and Malibu permit on their own and are not here, as of Oct 1, 2026.
- The model counts jobs, not hours or weeks. It also ignores trades that come from outside these counties and self-employed workers without staff.
- CAL FIRE does not inspect every fire. Small fires in city or federal areas can be missing from the county comparisons.
About this data
- Structures damaged by wildfire in Southern California (CAL FIRE DINS) Observed
CAL FIRE Damage Inspection (DINS) database, POSTFIRE_MASTER_DATA_SHARE (CAL FIRE, Office of the State Fire Marshal)
Covers through Jan 6, 2026. Retrieved .
Notes (6)
- Counts are structures inspected by CAL FIRE damage inspection teams after each fire, by damage level, building type and year built. A structure is a building, not a home: an apartment building is one structure.
- Not every fire is inspected, and some fires on local or federal land are missing. Records start in 2013.
- Before 2018 inspectors recorded only damaged and destroyed structures; since 2018 they also record undamaged ones, so 'no damage' counts are not comparable across that break.
- Single-family includes mobile homes. Commercial includes mixed commercial/residential buildings. Other means sheds, garages, barns and infrastructure.
- Year built comes from county assessor records. It is a fact about the building, not evidence of any material inside it.
- CAL FIRE last updated this data on 2026-01-06; 'as of' is that date.
- Eaton & Palisades fire rebuild cases, unincorporated LA County Observed
Los Angeles County Public Works, EPIC-LA Fire Recovery Cases (refreshed each business day); LA County Permitting Progress Dashboard; LA County 2025 Fire Rebuilding Metric Definitions (what each stage means)
Covers through Oct 1, 2026. Retrieved .
Notes (4)
- Plan and permit cases for Eaton and Palisades fire recovery in unincorporated Los Angeles County only (for example Altadena). The City of Los Angeles (most of Pacific Palisades), Pasadena, Malibu and other cities issue their own permits and are not included.
- Counts are cases, not homes: one rebuild usually has several cases (plans, building permit, ADU, temporary housing).
- Stage totals count every case that has reached that stage, as on the County's Permitting Progress Dashboard. Monthly counts are by month of application, permit issue or final inspection; the current month is left out until it ends.
- The stages are not a strict funnel: some older plan cases and standalone permits skip stages, so a later stage can be larger than an earlier one.
- Wildfire perimeters in Southern California since 2015 Observed
CAL FIRE FRAP, California Fire Perimeters (interagency: CAL FIRE, USFS, BLM, NPS, FWS) (Fire years 2015-2025); NIFC WFIGS Interagency Perimeters (year to date) (Fires discovered in 2026; perimeters are preliminary and change while fires burn); U.S. Census Bureau TIGERweb county boundaries
Covers through Sep 19, 2026. Retrieved .
Notes (5)
- Fires of 10 acres or more that burned in a Southern California county. A fire that crossed a county line is counted in each county for the acres that burned there.
- 2015-2025 perimeters come from CAL FIRE's historic fire perimeter database; 2026 fires come from the national (NIFC) year-to-date perimeters, which are preliminary until CAL FIRE publishes the year.
- Start dates are the local discovery date where the fire can be matched to the national incident record; otherwise CAL FIRE's alarm date, which can read one day late for evening starts.
- Perimeters show where fire burned, not damage; most of the acreage is wildland.
- Map outlines are simplified for display.
- Restoration trades by county: establishments, jobs and wages Observed
U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Quarterly Census of Employment and Wages (QCEW) (county files, private employers; industry codes electricians 23821, plumbing & hvac 23822, drywall & insulation 23831, painters 23832, roofers 23816, remediation & abatement 562910, residential builders 2361)
Covers through Q1 2026. Retrieved .
Notes (7)
- Private-sector employers only. Counts are by where the business is located, not where the work is done.
- Jobs are the average of the quarter's three monthly payroll counts. Self-employed workers and owners without employees are not counted.
- Average weekly wage is total quarterly pay divided by 13 weeks and by average jobs, in current dollars (not adjusted for inflation).
- BLS publishes county trade data at the 5-digit industry level (4-digit for residential building); remediation is the one 6-digit industry it publishes by county.
- BLS revises the most recent quarters; this data is rebuilt from the latest release.
- There is no industry code for fire, water and mold restoration contractors: they are counted among remodelers, other specialty trades, building services and remediation. These counts describe the trades restoration work depends on, not restoration firms themselves.
- BLS withholds jobs and wages to protect employer confidentiality for Riverside remediation & abatement in 2019Q1–2020Q2 and 2020Q4; the establishment count is still shown.